IDWeek 2014: Adult/Pediatric Infectious Disease

Statin use was not associated with hospital-onset Clostridium difficile infection.

Ceftaroline fosamil was effective in treating acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections (ABSSSIs) in obese patients and in patients with diabetes.

Initial treatment of patients hospitalized with aspiration pneumonia with anaerobe-specific antibiotics did not influence mortality or length of stay, compared to those without initial anaerobe-specific antibiotics, but patients without initial anaerobe coverage were more likely to change antibiotics

A recent study comparing the efficacy and safety of ceftaroline vs. vancomycin in obese (BMI ≥30) and non-obese (BMI <30) patients found that ceftaroline therapy was associated with similar clinical cure rates in both non-obese as well as among obese patients, when compared with vancomycin (with or without gram-negative coverage combination therapy) in patients with skin and soft tissue infections (SSTI).

Initial combination antimicrobial therapy consisting of beta-lactam and aminoglycoside agents was not superior to monotherapy with a beta-lactam agent alone in the treatment of Klebsiella, E. coli, or Enterobacter bacteremia.

The QUAD regimen—daclatasvir and asunaprevir plus peginterferon alfa-2a and ribavirin (DCV+ASV+pegIFN/RBV)—demonstrated high sustained virologic response rates of 93% at post-treatment Week 12 (SVR12) in genotype 1 (GT 1) and 100% in genotype 4 (GT 4) patients with hepatitis C virus who were prior null or partial responders to pegIFN/RBV.

Compared with cefazolin, perioperative monotherapy with vancomycin or clindamycin in pediatric spine fusion cases resulted in a 251.5% increase in rate of surgical site infections (SSIs).

Beta-lactam monotherapy proved to be non-inferior to beta-lactam/macrolide combination therapy (BLM) or fluoroquinolone monotherapy in patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), with regards to mortality risk, length of hospital stay, and time to oral treatment.

Ceftolozane/tazobactam demonstrated superior efficacy compared with levofloxacin in patients with complicated urinary tract infections (cUTIs) caused by levofloxacin-resistant pathogens.

Topical hormone replacement therapy (HRT) was associated with a lower incidence of urinary tract infections (UTIs) compared with both systemic HRT and no HRT.